The distance between an idea and a working result has collapsed. Something that used to take a quarter to build can now be in front of customers in a week. For a small independent company that is the most levelling change I have seen: execution speed is no longer what separates us from companies twenty times our size. But it cuts both ways — you can now build the wrong thing just as fast. So the scarce skill shifts from building to choosing. That makes me optimistic, because judgement is the one thing that doesn’t get cheaper.